If you find the material on this website useful, you will find that the two books ACES for PACES and KEYS to SUCCESS in Medicine complement the material on these sites and will enhance your studying and revision

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BOF 19
The urinary bladder may be involved in many central and peripheral neurological diseases, all are true, except:
1-the pelvic parasympathetic nerves stimulation causes bladder emptying
2-The L1 and L2 sympathetic outflow mediates bladder relaxation
3- S2, 3 and 4 sacral spinal cord lesions cause urinary retention as opposed to higher lesions which cause hyper excitable bladder
4-in acute spinal cord trans-section, urinary retention is rare, but urgency and frequency is much more common
5-neurogenic bladder in paraplegics is at a risk of future development of urinary bladder cancer


 

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